Bp Deepwater Horizon Case Analysis Essay - 1392 Words

Rafique Sheikh. MGMT 518: Legal Ethical Env. of Business BP’s ethical conduct concerning the Deep Horizon blowout Background: The Deepwater Horizon oil spill or the BP oil spill refers to the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico which flowed for three months in 2010. The spill was a result of the explosion of Deepwater Horizon, which drilled on the BP-operated Macondo Prospect. The explosion killed 11 men working on the platform and injured 17 others (Summarized from Wikipedia article on: â€Å"Deepwater Horizon oil spill† http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deepwater_Horizon_oil_spill ) In the following text we will analyze the Deep Water Horizon Oil Spill from some of the well-known ethical perspectives. From the Perspective of the†¦show more content†¦When we look at the effect of the deepwater oil spill on other stakeholders, we see that they were impacted more negatively. There were 11 people killed and 17 were injured. Although the number of people in this group is small, losses of life and health weigh heavily on the scale as we assess the consequences of BP’s decision to forego the back-up switch. Many have described the post-spill Gulf as a gigantic chemical experiment, with as yet unknown effect on its delicate ecosystem. By July 2010, one third of the Gulf’s fishing area—more than 80,000 square miles—had been closed, affecting the livelihood of thousands in coastal Louisiana and Mississippi. Applying the theory of Utilitarianism to the Deep Water Horizon Oil Spill we see that BP’s decisions in this case don’t appear clearly ethical. The harms to human and environmental stability caused by the spill seem to weigh heavily against the benefits to the local and U.S. economy of deepwater drilling itself. From the Deontology Perspective: The Deontological ethics is marked by steadfastness to universal principles—for example, respect for life, fairness, telling the truth, keeping promises—no matter what the consequences (Halbert, Law Ethics in the Business Environment. pg. 17). In Deontological terms, the fact that BP withheld accurate and important information, combined with its superior access to it, violated the categorical imperative.Show MoreRelatedBP ´s Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill of 2010 Essay1401 Words   |  6 Pageshistory, BP’s Deepwater Horizon explosion in 2010. This paper seeks to investigate closely the system and the reasons of failure, to answer the questions behind numerous studies on this accident, Is Deepwater Horizon explosion inevitable? and What can we do to avoid such accidents? Within the scope of Perrow’s normal accident theory, this paper aims to draw conclusions to the above questions and set forth recommendations to be considered in other similar oil drilling systems. Case background OnRead MoreThe Issue Facing Bp Pre Oil Spill1074 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction On Tuesday, April 20, 2010 the Deepwater Horizon rig burned for 36 hours, combusting 700,00 gallons of oil leaving a trail of smoke over 30 miles long and spilling 53,000-62,000 barrels of oil into the Gulf per day from April 20 and July 15. As of 2010, the Deepwater Horizon disaster was the largest marine oil spill ever to occur in U.S. water. Oil was found on the shores of all five Gulf States and many birds, fish, and reptiles perished due to the oil spill (Ingersoll, 2011, p. 1-2;Read MoreThe Deepwater Horizon Oil Drilling Rig1480 Words   |  6 PagesThe Deepwater Horizon oil drilling rig caught fire on April 20, 2010, exploring and sinking after some days. The explosion was as a result of the equipment failure, perhaps the blowout protector, and the emerging explosion and fire killed 11 people, injuring others. The aftermath of the explosion became the largest issue in the US, estimated to surpass 1989 Exxon Valdez spill. The environmental contamination was huge, greatly impac ting marine life in the Gulf of Mexico and surrounding beaches ofRead MoreArgumentative Essay : Bp Oil Spill1558 Words   |  7 PagesArgumentative Essay: The BP Oil Spill Phillip Staton PHI 445 Personal Organizational Ethics Prof. Gloria Zuniga y Postigo February 29, 2016 Argumentative Essay: The BP Oil Spill Introduction In 2010, BP’s Deepwater Horizon rig exploded, causing millions of barrels of crude oil to be leaked out into the Gulf of Mexico. The extensive oil spill created a lot of pollution and far-reaching effects on the tourism industry. The resultant damage to marine wildlife such as fish will continue to be feltRead MoreThe Long Lasting Effects Of The Deepwater Horizon On The Gulf Of Mexico1544 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay will discuss the long lasting effects on the economy from the explosion on the DeepWater Horizon oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico. The events that took place on April 20, 2010 would go down in history as the worst deep sea oil spill in history. British Petroleum would suffer its greatest lost to date when one of its drilling rigs the Deepwater Horizon would blow up in the Gulf of Mexico (Crandall, Parnell Spillan, 2014). In the days and weeks following the explosion there were signs ofRead MoreThe Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill2022 Words   |  9 PagesDeepwater H orizon Oil Spill The Context Before the occurrence of the Deepwater Horizon event, BP had already been labelled as having a horrible safety record. A 2009 report by the United States Department of Labour Occupational Safety and Health Administration (Todd Petterson , 2009), indicated that BP had 270 existing fines of a ‘failure to abate’ and 439 ‘wilful violations’ of various safety protocols. At the time of the disaster the regulators of the oil industry in the United States was theRead MoreFailure Regarding Corporate Social Responsibility Essay2147 Words   |  9 Pages Among the most monumental examples of failure regarding corporate social responsibility, that is to maximize profits within the law (Dejardins, 2014, p.53), is the Deepwater Horizon blowout catastrophe, occurring April 20, 2010. Historically noted as the single greatest environmental failure in the United States, the blowout of the Macondo well claimed 11 lives, injured dozens more, leaked 4.9 million barrels of oil into the Gulf of Mexico, disrupted ecosystems and communities globally, andRead MoreThe Disaster Scenarios And Test It Out1535 Words   |  7 Pagesproblems as it identifies various disaster scenarios. This avoids giving the organization a shock of complete surprise. As a result of contingency planning, an organization shifts from reacting to the event to showcasing their preparedness. In most cases, simply having a concept for responding to the event not only becomes the pivotal difference between initiating an effective response and panicking but it can also be the dif ference between 10 deaths and a few hundred corpses. Correspondingly, havingRead MoreCase Study: BP and the Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill3602 Words   |  15 Pages.........................................................................................................................................2 Do you agree with Tony Hayward’s quote at the end of the case? .................................................................2 Was this disaster strictly a BP failure or an industry accident?........................................................................2 What factors affect the competitive environment of the oil industry? .....................Read MoreStrategic Planning at BP1198 Words   |  5 Pagesmodel is to create value across the entire hydrocarbon value chain Ã¥ ­Ëœtarting with exploration and ending with the supply of energy and other products fundamental to life (BP.com, 2012). Naturally, BP operates to enhance shareholder wealth as a primary objective. This general process is mirrored at BP. The company uses a structure that emphasizes the different functions exploration, extraction, refining and retailing. The strategic planning process at the highest level of the company seeks to develop

Mexico’s Economical Crisis, Facts and Remedies Free Essays

Mexico is the most advanced and developed nation in the Latin America, with a population over 96 million and per capita income about $3970 USD, it’s income ranges to the upper middle class in the Latin America. During the 60s and 70s the GDP grew by 3.5% annually, but then the crisis of 80s completely reversed the process and the whole Mexican economy went upside down followed by the 90s crisis which pushed back the GNP of the country to the 50’s level. We will write a custom essay sample on Mexico’s Economical Crisis, Facts and Remedies or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this paper we will discus the GDP increase and decrease of the Mexican economy facts of the crisis of 80s and 90s and GNP exchange crisis and inflation, debating about the factors involving in the crisis and discussion the ways the problem could be solved and presenting some suggestions about it. Sudden Collapse in GDP Growth; Why? As discussed in the introduction the data shows that during the seventh and eighth decade of the last century the GDP growth of Mexico showed a mean 3.5% annually growth, but after the 84 crisis the GDP growth shrank to 0.5%. This sudden collapse has aroused suspicions about the credibility of the Mexican claim of 3.5% GDP growth annually. GDP does not measure output reliably because it includes not only the final output produced by an economy’s market, but also transactional activities, which are intermediate to production. (Wallis and North 1986; North 1987) Governments spend a large amount of money on National Defense, Justice, Social Reforms and enforcing regulations. The transactional activities regarding these issues are intermediary in nature but are included in the standard computation of GDP. During the last three decades preceding the 84 crisis transactional activities have varied. Due the change in the structure of the nation’s economy i.e. the traditional agriculture trends declined and the share of manufacturing and services in the economy increased, as well as the economic interdependence. Government’s change in policies effected the transactional cost while the decreased in oil prices enhanced the process resulting the indebtedness of the government which compelled her later to take high interest loans, thus increasing inflation and the currency exchange rate became unstable . These all circumstances blew every thing out and Mexican economy was completely crushed resulting in sudden downfall of GDP. GNP Downfall in the 90s: In 1994 the GNP of the country fell down to its historical low as a result per capita income fell to the level of 50s and the plague of poverty spread all over the country leaving no one undisturbed. The main causes of this turbulence as analyzed by the economists were the demographic, environmental changes as well as the changing in the global scenario and also the emergence of NAFTA as most of the foreign investment was invested in the stock market and short term bond but all these devalued thus crushing down the peso. The increasing poverty and the deteriorating environment as well as the increasing inflation pressurized the already decomposed economy thus the weak currency faced a sudden downfall and the rate of exchange become intolerably unstable. The monetary market was panicked by the falling currency and soon every investor threw away the Mexican currency. The GNP fell rapidly and Mexico again fell in the darkness of high interest debts, inflation and poverty. What are the Rectifications? What Mexico needed after these sudden shocks complete is overhauling of the economy by making it free from old and conservative rules and regulations. The government should continue the process of the privatization of state owned enterprises, especially the ejido (Community Land Owned by the Government). The Federal Labor Law also needs some thorough reforms. While the most important thing to do is the clear and of the Assets of Petroleos Mexicanos (PEMEX) what ever it is deemed by the Mexican Government as a Mexican Sovereignty or not. A Promotion and Reconstruction bank should be created with the initial capital as $150 billion dollars, and also the board of directors should be select among the professional and honest persons. Businesses should issue bonds of their debt for 30 years. Income tax should be reduced immediately to 20%. The government should negotiate with the United States and Canada to obliterate the taxes and tariff between the three governments thus creating a free trade market. (Valenzuela, 1999) Conclusion: To recover from the shocks of the turbulences and achieve a sustainable growth process the Mexican Government have to make radical changes in the economy and has to redesign it in a more appropriate way that the economy becomes adaptable to the modern economic circumstances. Reference: Marco Espinosa, Steven Russell, The Mexican economic crisis: alternative views, http://www.frbatlanta.org/frbatlanta/filelegacydocs/Espin811.pdf Ricardo Valenzuela, 1999. A Prescription for Dealing with Mexico’s Economic Crisis,   http://www.westga.edu/~bquest/1999/prescrip.html Robert A. Blecker, NAFTA, the Peso Crisis, and the Contradictions of the Mexican Economic Growth Strategy,http://www.newschool.edu/cepa/papers/archive/cepa0103.pdf Wallis, J. J, D.C. North. 1986. Measuring the transaction sector in the American economy, 1870-1970. In Long-term factors in American economic growth, edited by S.L. Engerman and R. E. Gallman. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 95-161. Deirdre Griswold, 1995 Oil, debt and Mexico’s national sovereignty, In Workers World. http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/46/026.html How to cite Mexico’s Economical Crisis, Facts and Remedies, Essay examples

Ivory Smile free essay sample

Invisible beads of sweat collect at my temples and slowly draw moist lines along my cheek, down into the abyss of my button up shirt. My knees buckle under the beige khakis that have somehow, over the years, become my (albeit bland) uniform of choice. Dozens target me with laser-like eyes waiting, expecting perfection. Only one thing comforts me at this moment of tension, an ivory smile. No, unfortunately the comfort does not radiate from the reassurance of my beaming mother (quite the opposite actually). Nor does comfort stem from the facade of the grin I attempt to force out during this truly uncomfortable situation. It emanates from the smile right in front of me and soon from right under me. Slowly, a breath escapes the dry orifice of my mouth, I attempt to relax, and my fingertips finally touch that ivory smile. My melody began with the simple songs of Bach; the foundation of my elementary years was filled with minuets, preludes, and fugues. We will write a custom essay sample on Ivory Smile or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Steadily I developed and my recital soon filled with the repertoire of Beethoven, Tchaikovsky, and Chopin. Night after night, month after month, and soon even years of practicing only led me to believe that my talent was just that, a talent. Sure, the music that I could make with just my fingers was nice, (it was definitely nicer than anything that could come out of my own mouth!) but it was just some hobby that my parents convinced me I would love. True love, I learned, can’t always be instantaneous. With more proficient skills, it seemed a new door of opportunity opened itself to me every time I improved. I have a gift that I not only can share, but can use in order to develop my own being beyond the monotony of school and the â€Å"Circle of Life†. Music had cultivated my own view of how life can be whatever you want it to be as long as you take the time to develop it. My melody may have begun with simple lines and motifs, but only through continuing the song can th e complex and extravagant harmonies be truly appreciated. This is the melody of opportunity and hope, and it comforts me. My love for that wonderful key, that perfect chord, was a love that needed time to grow and mature into something special; something beyond just a hobby or a talent. I find peace as I knock out the â€Å"teeth† in that glimmering ivory smile. Happiness fills my heart as I strike the numerous notes and the stress of life is lost within the cryptic black lines before me. Every night when I have the opportunity to see that ivory smile, I can’t help but smile back and realize, sure, a perfect performance would be ideal but life isn’t always perfect and it’s because of those little, inevitable mistakes that you continue growing.

Medieval Company free essay sample

Medieval Adventures Company Questions: 1. ) Prepare monthly income statements, balance sheets, and cash budgets based on sales increases of 500 units per month and a 30-day advance production for January through September. When will the company need extra funds? How much will be needed? When can a short-term loan to cover the need be repaid? Please see the attached financial statements that follow. A projected analysis of the Cash Budget for Medieval Adventures yields a negative cash balance by April month-end. Assuming the company’s costs (expenses) are paid within the month incurred, additional funds are required within the month of April. Medieval projects a positive cash balance of $30,000 at March month-end. In April, the company Medieval Adventures – April Analysis: 571 Units Cash Balance, April 1, 20xx: $30,000 will incur a fixed â€Å"being in business† expense of Expenses: $10,000 and a variable cost of $35 per unit Being in Business Cost: (10,000) purchased. Therefore, additional funding would Cost of Producing 571 units: (19,985) need to be in place prior to the production of the 572 Balance: unit. We will write a custom essay sample on Medieval Company or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Further analysis of the Cash Budget indicates a continued cash balance decline to a maximum value of $40,000 at July month-end before trending upward. Not inclusive of taxes or incurred monthly finance charges, a short-term loan of $40,000 could be either be paid lump-sum at the end of October, or via three payments of $7,500, $17,500, and $15,000 in the months of August, September, and October respectively. See the example amended Cash Budgets below. Note: these amended budgets include assumed continued sales increases of 500 units for the months of October and November. per month in preparation for the upcoming month’s sales, he is producing units in excess of those being sold in the current month. Therefore there is a monthly increase in inventory non-cash item of $17,500 (500 units x $35) reducing his net cash flow. Additionally, Reinholz is incurring an increase in accounts receivable through delayed collection practices. This non-cash item stabilizes at $55,000 monthly beginning in March. Therefore, while profitable, Medieval Adventures cash flow from operating activities is negative each month through August resulting in a sub-zero bank balance in April; it is not until a net income in excess of $72,500 ($17,500 + $55,000) is achieved that the trend is reversed. This scenario could be avoided (or minimalized) through one of two measures. First, Reinholz could delay production, thereby deferring costs closer towards revenue receipt of the unit produced. Secondly, more aggressive collection efforts or buyer incentives such various sales/cash discounts could be used to lessen the affect of monthly increases in accounts receivable. 3. ) From your calculations and financial statements for Question 1, derive cash flow statements for the moths of March, May, and July from each month’s beginning and ending balance sheets and income statement. Compare these derived cash flow statements with the cash budgets prepared directly in Question 1. Please see the accompanying financial statements and Cash Flow Statement for the Months of March, May and July that follow. In comparison, the cash flow statements for each of the months in question indicate Cash at End of Month identical to the projection of the prepared budget.

The Outsiders Essays - Literature, Fiction, Culture, Films

The Outsiders Essays - Literature, Fiction, Culture, Films The Outsiders The Outsiders In this book analysis, about the book The Outsiders by S. E. Hinton I will discuss character and plot development, as well as the setting, the authors style and my opinions about the book. In this part of the analysis I will give some information about the subjects of the book, and about the author. The author wrote the story when she was just 16 years old, in the 1950s. The book was successful, and it was sold, and still being sold, in many copies as a young adults novel. There was a movie made about it, and today there are still many schools that use this book in junior high and high schools for English classes. There were plays made about the book too. The Outsiders is about a gang. They live in a city in Oklahoma. Ponyboy Curtis, a 14 year old greaser, tells the story. Other characters include Sodapop and Darry, Ponyboy's brothers, Johnny, Dallas, and Two- Bit, that were also gang members and Ponyboy's friends. This story deals with two forms of social classes: the socs, the rich kids, and the greasers, the poor kids. The socs go around looking for trouble and greasers to beat up, and then the greasers are blamed for it, because they are poor and cannot affect the authorities. I hope you would enjoy and learn something about the book from reading this analysis. Plot Development The plot development in the book, The Outsiders by S.E. Hinton, was easy to follow. In this part of the book analysis I will give some more details about the plot development. There were no hooks or hurdles in the beginning of the book, the first sentence starts right away with the plotwithout any forewords. This is the beginning of the first sentence: When I stepped out into the bright sunlight from the darkness of the movie house... (page 9). As you can see, it goes straight to the point without any prologues or any kind of introduction. The plot development in the middle of the story was sensible and easy to understand. It was clear and simple, and the events have occurred in a reasonable order. The ending of the story was a bit expected. I anticipated the death of Johnny because a broken neck usually means death. The death of Dally was not as predictable as Johnnys death because it was said that: He was tougher than the rest of ustougher, colder, meaner. (page 19). I did not think that such a tough person would get himself killed because of a death of a friend, although it was said a short time before the death of Dally that: Johnny was the only thing Dally loved. (page 160). The climaxes at the end of the story were the deaths of Johnny and Dally. Here are quotations about the deaths: Johnnys death: The pillow seemed to sink a li ttle, and Johnny died. (page 157). Dallys death: He was jerked half around by the impact of the bullets, then slowly crumpled with a look of grim triumph on his face. He was dead before he hit the ground. (page 162). To conclude I can say that the plot development was simple and easy to understand and to follow. The author organized it in a way that fits the actual content of the plot. Character Development The characters in the book, The Outsiders by S.E. Hinton, were not very heroicthey were just humansit was easy to believe that this is the way they should be. The characters in the plot give the reader a feeling this can be a true story. The author has created the personality of the characters through the descriptions of Ponyboythe narratorand through their actions. Following are some examples of these methods of getting familiar with a character. Here is an example for a description of Ponyboy: Steve Randle was seventeen, tall and lean, with thick greasy hair he kept combed in c omplicated swirls. He was cocky, smart, and Sodas best buddy since grade school. Steves specialty was cars... (page 17). The reader can find this kind of descriptions almost everywhere in the story, but especially in the beginning. I think the author

A Review of the Character of Micheal As Portrayed By Bernard Schlink in His Book, The Reader

A Review of the Character of Micheal As Portrayed By Bernard Schlink in His Book, The Reader Examine the view that Schlink presents Michael as a selfish lover Arguably, Schlink presents Michael as a selfish lover as he conveys a feeling of secrecy and deceit and that he is unhappy with the life he has and no longer wants it. Schlink uses the short sentence of ‘I did not tell her about Hanna’ to imply that maybe he was very happy with her and doesn’t want his wife knowing about her because then it would no longer be their secret, which makes him a selfish lover because he is hiding a very important part of his past and hiding it from her. However, another interpretation could be that he may be ashamed of what he did and who she turned out to be and so is trying to hide his wife from the truth which would make him a selfless lover. Schlink uses the repetition of the word â€Å"wrong† to describe Gertrud as Schlink chooses to make Michael compare her to Hanna which could be seen as selfish as Gertrud will never be Hanna and it is unfair of him to compare the two when they are so different. Also, the word ‘wrong’ connotes to the idea that she is not how he wants her to be and so she is ‘wrong’ in his eyes and implies that she is imperfect to him. Schlink uses the first person to show how Michael feels and to show his inner thoughts as can be seen when he goes to see Hanna and Michael feels that he ‘had disappointed her before’ and that he wanted to be a better person and ‘make up for it’. These quotations imply that he is aware of his faults and the way in which he has hurt people, or disappointed people in Hanna’s case, and that he perhaps wants to change his ways to be better, and that maybe he wants to be a better person for Hanna. This could therefore imply that he still feels an emotional connection towards her and that he is trying to be a selfless person by becoming a better person. Although the character of Michael appears to have feelings for at the start of the extract, when he goes to visit her, he internally questions ‘why should I have given her a place in my life’ which could be seen as a selfish thought and attitude as although his romantic feelings towards her are changing, possibly diminishing as he sees how much she has grown older and changed, it is still selfish as she made a place for him in her life and it seems as though he is not reciprocating that. Furthermore, Schlink describes Hanna as having an ‘old woman’ smell and ‘grey hair’ and uses a rhetorical question as though Michael can hardly believe that is her. Schlink portrays Michael as not only a selfish lover but also a selfish person as this description and questioning thoughts from Michael imply that he has put her on a pedestal and that he has created an idealised, perfect view of Hanna in his mind that when he sees her in real life, she does not match up to what he expected and is therefore selfishly judging her although it is his own fault as she is not and cannot be perfect but that is how he created her in his mind. Although there is some evidence to support the view that Schlink portrays Michael as a selfish lover, it is harder to believe this as this extract has an unreliable narrator of the character of Michael himself and so tries to avoid conveying a selfish attitude. Overall, Schlink uses the first person to successfully show Michael’s inner thoughts and true feelings to portray him as both a selfish character and selfish lover although Michael’s actions and thoughts could also been seen as selfless by some critics as he is trying to protect his wife from the truth and spare people’s feelings.

PepsiCo Strategic analysis Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

PepsiCo Strategic analysis - Term Paper Example In this paper, the researcher will analyze PepsiCo’s strengths and weaknesses and whether the marketing environment within and outside the organization is favoring it or not. This paper fundamentally is a strategic analysis of PepsiCo, by keeping in consideration the internal and external forces and resources that can help the company to become a market leader. In the light of the research conducted on markets, in which PepsiCo is incorporated, the author of this report suggests business and corporate level strategies that can be utilized for succeeding in market place. Undoubtedly, Pepsi is the largest manufacturer of carbonated drinks around the world. Initially, the company was started by a North Carolina based chemist and pharmacist, Caleb Bradham in 1898. He named his cola drink â€Å"Brad’s Drink†. PepsiCo’s presence in UK dates back to 1950s when the company sold its first cola drink in London. Now PepsiCo is present in United Kingdom with a diversi fied work force of 5,000 individuals. PepsiCo operations can be divided into four regions in the world. These four strategic business units are PepsiCo Americas Beverages (PAB), PepsiCo Europe, PepsiCo Asia, Middle East and Africa (AMEA) and PepsiCo Americas Foods. It is evident from the marketing analysis of the company that it offers world’s largest range of brands in food and beverages industry. In UK, beside general stakeholders, which includes the employees, customers and the public, PepsiCo is working side by side with public service organizations and corporations. For example, PepsiCo

Religion can be used to promote hate and this results in violent acts, Annotated Bibliography

Religion can be used to promote hate and this results in violent acts, including rape and murder of our LGBTQI neighbors - Annotated Bibliography Example This source is a book. The Bible, Christianity, & Homosexuality will be used two ways. The first is to show what types of myths exist about the Bible and homosexuality. The Bible only mentions homosexuality several times in the Bible. The first time was when angels visited Sodom and Gomorrah. Thus the name Sodomites were given to homosexuals. The Bible does not speak of domestic partners in a homosexual relationship. A mob wanted to rape the male angels. On this account most Christians think homosexuality is equal to rape. Justin Cannon does his best to show that one account does not represent all homosexuals. This source will be useful in laying a foundation for religious bias against the LGBTQI community. It will also show that homosexuals can also be Christian. This resource is a book. Candace Chellew-Hodge shares her experiences as a gay Christian. This is a biography about how the author dealt with hatred from religious zealots. She shows how her religion, Christianity, can be used against the LGBTQI community. This book also shows specific incidents of hatred and violence against members of the LGBTQI community. Despite the violence and hatred against the LGBTQI community due to religion, many LGBTQI individuals still retain their belief in their religion. This source will also show that even LGBTQI individuals that are Christian do not escape violence of discrimination. Sexuality or being defined as a LGBTQI community member is more important to the opposition than the individual’s religion or beliefs. This book is another source that studies homosexuality and the Bible. Dwyer numbered all of the references of homosexuality in the Bible to seven. Each circumstance is examined individually. Like the case of homosexuality in Sodom and Gomorrah, Dwyer presents each instance. This source is important to show that Christianity does not promote violence. Everyone is a sinner, no matter their sexuality. If Jesus

Nuclear Weapons Essay Example for Free

Nuclear Weapons Essay Nuclear weapons are the most critical technology ever developed. In Japan, which suffered nuclear holocaust in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, there is a deep desire for nuclear ending that derives from its personal experience of the terrible harm caused by nuclear weapons. In fact, more than 95% of the dead at Nagasaki and Hiroshima were civilians. Only 4.4% of the death charge was made up of military workers. In the New York Times September 5, 1945, the dishonesty was that the victims had suffered no radiation damage. The bombs killed as many as 80,000 people in Nagasaki and 140,000 people in Hiroshima by the end on end of 1945, with approximately half of those deaths happening on the days of the bombings. No family would like to suffer and see people suffering because of the nuclear weapons being used. Innocent parents, kids, babies, and many others die on the streets because of the nuclear weapons being used for a futile reason. There are better ways to settle things rather than make an easy way out for them. Bombing each other won’t make a difference except the deaths of hundred innocent people. If people want to settle things they need to talk face-to-face not hurt others that don’t even know what’s happening in the world, leave those innocent people alone and go kill each other somewhere else. If people really think violence is the answer than they are wrong because there are many legends that made a difference in this world without violence like Mahatma Gandhi, Martin L uther King, ect. In fact, violence merely increases hate The U.S dropped the bomb on Hiroshima because they wanted to end the war. In Japan it was shameful to surrender, so they did not think invading would do any good. Plus they wanted to minimize U.S casualties. Yet this does not seem to be enough to make up a successful argument for a world free of nuclear weapons. Nuclear ending, in difference, tends to be small within the type of weapons linked to general safety. It is not seen as an honest and global human issue. To succeed, the nuclear removal group must be brought into a wider field of peoples thinking. However, there is a remarkable difference between instruments limiting nuclear weapons and those regarding other classes of weaponry. We also need to fully clear how the world today is unclear by the habit of gun worldwide relations, the most well-known example of which has been the threat to use nuclear weapons. The point is that the atomic bombs and a U.S invasion were both unnecessary to end WWII. With no navy, no air force, getting beaten by the Chinese, and their people starving, Japan was basically defeated by 1945. From a military point of view, the atomic bombs were simply unjustified and not needed to end the war and get a Japanese surrender. Unless you have the same opinion with war crimes and disagree with our top allied military commanders of WWII, you cannot possibly see the use of atomic bombs as justified. The decision to use atomic bombs was simply militarily unnecessary and a total disregard for human life. It is an absolute joke that there are actually people in the US who believe the atomic bombs saved lives. It never saved lives or ended the war. The other non-nuclear option, of course, would have been to simply defend Japan and starve the Japanese people into surrender. However, as the attack planners considered the population would be devotedly aggressive, there would pr obably have been an enormous death charge before the Japanese give out. Whether both were necessary will always be questionable, but they provide to help bring to an ending a terrible war that threatened entire world peace and freedom.

The Difference Between Bullying and Harassment :: cyberbulling, code of conduct, schools

Bullying and harassment are two distinct words but have a quite similar meaning as well as effects. These effects result in people becoming overwhelmed and depressed because of the constant abuse whether verbal or physical from another person that does not consider the victim as of any value to this world. Although verbal and physical bullying have been taken care of most of the time, the number one type of bullying that has not yet been addressed and taken care of is cyberbullying. Cyberbullying occurs online but, it is never taken care of by the school board because it is not happening in school and nothing is stated under the code of conduct to get involved with the situation. A code of conduct is a set of rules outlining the responsibilities of, or proper practices for, an individual, party or organization that are to be followed. They are intended to help out an area by laying down ethics and support decisions made by people at the organization or work. A code of conduct exist everywhere whether businesses or schools, it is created to handle problems in a proper way. It is unbelievable to be know that the code of conduct does not state anything about the consequences for bullying and/or harassing an individual. They are not really required to be followed since it is just mostly expected behavior and can be easily broken without consequences. Although schools have a set of rules, they are rarely enforced and some don’t even do anything on when something occurs off campus. Cyber bullying is no different from verbal and physical bullying it has the same effects, it hurts innocent individuals and it should have the same consequences. Cyber bullying the majority of the time, occurs between the ages of 13-18. Most teens feel that by not telling someone that this is happening it will only make it worse, that the bullying will never stop. In the case of Megan Meier who was described by her parents as â€Å" bubbly, goofy†,was an average teenager who was full of life and had goals, that was before she committed suicide because of the effects of cyber bullying. In the Worse Cases of Bullying website it states â€Å" Met a boy, â€Å"Josh Evans†, online through her new Myspace account. Josh introduced himself via an email to her parents and, with their blessings, Megan continued her new friendship and soon became infatuated with him.

Patients and Clients in Home Care Essay

It is said that â€Å"there’s no better place than home†. This is the comfort that home care provides its patients. It permits the assistance of people that have special needs in the comfort of their homes and with the companionship of their families. Medical services and health assistance can now be obtained without going away from the confines of your home. It is now possible that health service providers will be the ones to go to the patient’s home so that the patient will not have to be confined in a hospital or a nursing institution. Home care is an alternative method to sustain the growing demand for medical health services. Due to the observed surge in the number of people with special needs, unconventional venues for taking care of this people aside from hospitals, rehabilitation centers, and nursing homes were considered. The establishment of home care services answers the demand of different venues for health services. Home care is the offering of medical services by formal providers such as doctors, registered nurses, and physical therapist or by informal providers such as caregivers in the patient’s homes. It aims to promote, reinstate, and sustain the comfort, function, and health of a patient to its maximum limit. Taking care of patients during the last days of their life is also part of the objective. Classifications of home health care includes: preventive, promotive, therapeutic, long-term maintenance, rehabilitative and palliative care(DOH). People that need home care are geriatric individuals, chronically ill patients, persons with disabilities, and patients that are recovering from surgeries. Seventy percent of the clients that availed home health care services are geriatric people of age 65 and above. Disease diagnoses that are most rampant in these home care patients are: Heart disease, diabetes, cerebral vascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), malignant neoplasm, fractures, congestive heart failure, osteoarthritis and allied disorders, and hypertension(NCHS). Care from registered nurses, physical therapists, and social workers; access to medical equipments; check up by doctors; help with running errands; medication delivery; and meal preparation are some of the services that are offered by home health care providers. Types of home care vary with different kind of providers. Skilled care type is offered by licensed medical practitioners like doctors, registered nurses, medical social workers and physical therapist. This type of home care service focuses on the reinstating and maintaining the health of a client. It includes disease diagnoses, disease treatments, wound care, injection and intravenous therapy, medical assessments, nutritional management, and counseling. The other type of service is the home support services that are offered by caregivers or health care aides which are more inclined to domestic tasks like personal hygiene or bathing assistance; running errands; grocery shopping; cooking and eating assistance; light house keeping; and medication reminders(MFMER ). Clients of home care services expect the providers of these services to meet their specific needs. The most common client specifications are good quality care; availability of service; health service provider with appropriate training and expertise; high quality, effective care; and affordable service. Home care providers are expected by clients to give them respect, inflict no harm to them, and treat them well(Nina Preto). They also expect to have their rights as a patient considered, respected and instituted. The law currently implements the home care patients right to: choose their care providers; be informed fully by the health service agency provider of his/her rights and responsibilities as a patient; obtain the needed professional care following the doctor’s orders; receive continuous care; be asked consent prior to any treatment regimen or procedure; advised for any plan changes prior the change; avail service that is safe and in accordance to the professional care needed; be informed of actions in the event of emergency; and to voice opinions regarding the treatment or procedure(Hospice). Different individual conditions require varied specific needs so the provider should be competent enough to be able to address these circumstances. The geriatric or elderly persons for example have various conditions that have complex needs. Usually diseases of the old individuals are multi-factorial; the change of their condition is unpredictable; and outcome of treatment or management is random. So it is best if the home care providers of the elderly with diseases to be registered nurses or doctors for prompt treatment and disease management. Though in other instances home care is employed by geriatric patients that are healthy but in need of assistance in performing their daily tasks from as simple as opening doors for them to household chores. Another example of patients with different needs is the patients with cancer. These individuals are more at ease in the confines of their homes and families. They do not want to be separated from there families because usually these patients gain there strengths from them. The emotional and moral support the families give are vital for a cancer patient. Home care allows these patients to have all the support they can get from there families. As cancer is a devastating disease the home care provider should be able to give support to the patient, address his/her medical needs, and educate the family about the situation of the patient. Diabetes patients on the other hand, need home care providers to always encourage them to control the blood glucose levels because complication development can better be prevented with serious control on glycemia. These patients also need home care providers that are inclined in nutrition for diabetes patients to obtain the needed nutrients without sacrificing their blood glucose levels. Along with the boost of home care industry are problems or issues that need to be resolved. Some of these problems that affect both the home care consumer and the provider are the following: worker related injuries; worker abuse and exploitation by the client; competency of the health care provider; abuse of the client; client prejudice toward the caregiver; worker benefits issue; confidentiality issues in the clients home; and clients being at risk of theft and other forms of crimes. Confidentiality issue in client-caregiver relationship is one of the prime problems of home care services. Prone to this problem are the caregivers or health care aides that have little backgrounds or training in professional ethics and usually provide service to their clients twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. Most of them also stay in the houses of their clients so it is common that they know the things that happen inside the house especially among family members. The dilemma is in situations that either the caregiver spill the information he/she knows or if the information is critical to the well-being of the client and the caregiver will not know whether to keep it confidential or not. An example situation is when a client is being battered by a member of his or her family, what will the caregiver do? Is he/she supposed to tell anyone like the authorities or is he/she will just keep silent and wait that other people will discover the situation? If the caregiver gives the information to authorities it might be an invasion of the client’s privacy. Moral risks, virtues, intimacy, and professional ethics are bound with confidentiality issue in home care. Home care service providers should be made sure to have proper training in professional conduct and ethics to avoid any problems that will interfere with the client and their family relationship. Problems such as this needs attention of legislators for the home care consumers to be secured that the service provider they employ are properly trained and knows his place as a home care worker in a family setting. Client prevention of problems related to the home care service provider begins with choosing a competent agency that ensures the capabilities of their workers. Clients should not just consider the monetary factor involve in employing a home care worker to prevent the hiring of low paid providers and yet incompetent in many aspects of health service provision. Health care organizations have to address these problems and anticipate other issues that will emerge for the improvement of the home care service, benefit of the client, and avoidance of dilemma in the part of the caregiver. Government agencies concerned need to make rigorous effort towards the establishment and implantation of rules that would not just protect the home care consumers but the home care service workers as well. In every development there is always the emergence of problems and this is just what happened in home care. The burst of this industry is high-speed that problems are realized only when it was already encountered. The shift from institutionalized health care to home care brought about problems that touch aspects like professional ethics, unavailability of equipments in the patient’s home, monetary factors, client-worker relationship, and home care provider-patient’s family relationship. Despite of this, home care still provides an alternative venue for the patients or clients to have their needs being taken care of. The problems will just have to be addressed for the improvement of the industry. Home care is a promising revolution of institutionalized care wherein patients of institutionalized care are deprived of their right to spend their lives in the comfort of their home and with the presence of their loved ones. Reference http://www.mayoclinic.com/print/home-care-services/HA00086/METHOD=print

Dealing with Offending Behaviour Essay

Acknowledgement of offending behaviour and its impact Despite a 50% increase in the budget for prisons and managing offenders in the last ten years almost half of all adult offenders released from custody reoffend within a year so effective rehabilitation is needed to enable us to break the cycle of crime and prison. This rehabilitation includes offending behaviour programmes, which make offenders, confront and acknowledge the damage their behaviour does, and then learn how to change the patterns which have often grown up over many years and have become a way of life. Assessment of individual behaviour A plan is drawn up for an individual depending on their offences and the analysis completed when they first arrived in custody to decide which offending behaviour programmes, education and training they will receive while in prison to prepare them for release. Assessment of associated risks The offender can be a risk to themselves and the public. They put themselves at risk of being back in prison if they leave and carry on the same lifestyle with the same people, surroundings and pressures. Breaking out of a cycle of crime is hard for an individual but it is possible with support from rehabilitation programmes inside and out of prison. If the cycle isn’t broken and an offender leaves prison the public are at risk of crimes by that person; damage to life, people and property can happen which could have been prevented if the correct programmes were available to them while inside. Behaviour factors Prisoner’s behaviour issues can lead them to reoffend because of different factors such as physical, social, psychological and emotional. People with offending behaviour are more likely to be aggressive and impulsive which can link to medical conditions such as ADHD and autism meaning they misunderstand social norms and behave in an anti-social manner. If they live in a disadvantaged society there are more negative peer groups surrounding  offenders, encouraging them to be anti-social. The families in these areas won’t have appropriate role models to teach the norms of society making young people think it’s acceptable to be truant from school, meaning lack of qualification and becoming more likely to commit crime when they’re older. Offending behaviour Young people and adults who display serious and persistent offending behaviour usually have patterns of negative behaviour dating back to their early years. The key to prevention lies in the early years and parents having a good understanding of their role in shaping their children’s behaviour; if this isn’t done correctly the child grows up not understanding social norms and values of society so when they grow up they commit crimes thinking it’s a normal way to behave. They get punished for it, released from prison and carry on their corrupted criminal life if nothing is done to change them inside prison. Changing behaviour positively To help prisoners deal with their offending behaviour they are able to talk about what they think and feel about their crimes, they can then reflect and understand the harm they caused to others through their actions. Also a lot of time and resources are used teaching prisoners new techniques such as problem solving, coping mechanisms and decision making to help them think through past incidents and show how they can be changed in the future. Impact of crime on victims After experiencing a crime, people can be affected in different ways. Sometimes people feel quite normal for a while and then things may suddenly start to fall apart, while others can have physical symptoms such as lack of sleep or feeling sick with worry. People around you such as friends, partners and children are also likely to be affected. They may feel similar emotions to yours alongside being concerned about you but at the same time; many people find that others around them expect them to just ‘get over it.’ Current offending behaviour programmes ââ€"  Sex Offenders Treatment Programmes (SOTP) SOPT is a range of programmes specifically for sex offenders designed according to individual needs and their risk levels in society. It helps offenders understand how and why they have committed sexual offences and also increases awareness of victim harm. The main focus is to help the offender develop meaningful life goals and practice new thinking and behavioural skills that will lead them away from reoffending. ââ€"  Controlling Anger and Learning to Manage it (CALM) CALM is an emotional management programme designed for offending behaviour stemmed from intense emotions. The goals are to help offenders understand the factors that trigger their anger and aggression and learn skills to manage their emotions. Reoffending Different things trigger people to reoffend including poor thinking, problem solving skills and little self-control when under peer pressure. People who reoffend usually can’t see the potential problems they are putting themselves in; this is usually because they are unable to disassociate with other offending peers. These groups have a tendency to be more impulsive and aggressive with hostile behaviour which results in trouble with the police.

Complete Computer System essays

Complete Computer System essays The new Power Mac G4 is up to twice as fast as the fastest Pentium III-based PCs. With its Pentium-crushing speed and new design, the Power Mac G4 picks up where the old Macintosh (G3) left off. Its enclosure is now highly polished silver and graphite, yet it still offers easy access to every internal component through its swing-open side door. With PowerPC G4 with Velocity Engine, the computer speeds up to 450MHz, one megabyte of backside level-2 cache running at half the processor speed, and a 100MHz system bus supporting up to 800-megabytes-per-second data throughput, the Power Mac G4 delivers high performance. And when youve completed your projects, shooting those big files across the network is a snap, because every new Power Mac G4 comes with 10/100BASE-T Ethernet built in.This means that when you buy it, it is ready to go to get set up to your local cable internet provider. The secret of the G4s revolutionary performance is its aptly named Velocity Engine. Its the heart of a supercomputer miniaturized onto a sliver of silicon. The Velocity Engine can process data in 128-bit chunks, instead of the smaller 32-bit or 64-bit chunks used in traditional processors (its the 128-bit vector processing technology used in scientific supercomputers-except that they have added 162 new instructions to speed up computations). In addition, it can perform four (in some cases eight) 32-bit floating-point calculations in a single cycle, which is two to four times faster than traditional processors. The new G4s are proven to be faster that pentium 3s. Using six of Intels tests, the 450MHz G4 was, on average, more than two and a half times as fast as the 600MHz Pentium III (2.65 times, to be exact). These benchmark advantages translate directly into real-world advantages. For example, typical Photoshop tasks run 187% faster on the Power M ...

The HR Role in Transformational Period in the Health Care Sector in Ab Essay

The HR Role in Transformational Period in the Health Care Sector in Abu Dhabi Emirate - Essay Example Moreover, a satisfied workforce is an integral element of an effective CRM strategy. In a very competitive society, these elements are even more important. To understand this concept, it must be realized that the number of patients increases by small amounts whereas new facilities sprout up every other day. Thus there is a very important relationship between sound human resource practice and successful hospital management. The recent government has taken many measures to improve the quality of health care being provided to citizens of UAE. The flag of change on this front has basically been carried by two organizations. The ministry of health in association with SEHA has taken many different initiatives to improve the healthcare system in UAE. There is always a primary theme behind every change process which defines the vision of change. The primary theme of health sector reforms by SEHA and Ministry of Health has been ‘standardization’. This change process aimed at standardization has three primary strategies: (QPR) for Health Care Professionals is to ensure that all Health Professionals of the Health Authority –Abu Dhabi (HAAD) meet and maintain qualification and experience standards as required to ensure a quality health care, within University accepted health care standards. The achievement of JCI accreditation is accepted for the purposes of initial licensure in the specific areas covered by the accreditation process. Professional Standards, regulations, and guidelines related to Health professionals should be produced in HAAD. This functions as an inspection and quality control mechanism which ensures that changes are aimed at the long run. Al Corniche was built as a maternity hospital, with the sole purpose of providing health care to women and children. In 1970’s the time of its inception it was the only hospital providing such services on a public  level.  

The effects of Honda Motors financial status on the stock market Research Paper

The effects of Honda Motors financial status on the stock market - Research Paper Example He started his company from a garage workspace. Honda went onto retirement on the year 1973 and left a man named Kiyoshi Kawashima to continue with his legacy. The company witnessed the birth of another successful corporation in Ohio called Honda of America Manufacturing. The company has also grabbed several awards in the business field including the motor trend import of cars of the year selections. Today the company with its headquarters in Japan is the world’s first and largest motorcycle producer (Carrier 1). The company, like most other companies, has had its periods of strong and weak financial status. However, during this period, with the current economic downfall, many of these companies are not getting favorable financial status. Honda motors are currently and surprisingly at the top of their game. The company recently registered a high financial status. This is, however, coursing ripples in the stock market (Carrier 2). The best and most common way of measuring a company’s performance, in the stock market, is by looking at its total returns over a given period. When a company is performing well it means that people have high expectation on the company to continue performing, in the same manner. People will then come out and start buying shares. The share price of the company in the market will thus grow and affect the whole stock market (Teweles & Edward 97). A company’s stock price is a matter of considerable concern, if the performance in the stock market is ignored, then the management and the company all bound to face adverse consequences, these may include the unhappiness of investors and the company will then experience future capital deficits (Teweles & Edward 56). . Honda has posted a profit of 234.4 billion yen, in the first reporting quarter for the financial year 2011. This represents an increase of 830% when compared to the 25.2 billion for the past financial year. In the second quarter

Topic Selection Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Topic Selection Process - Essay Example When I went to the internet and searched on conflict, the results were amazing. There were results on the definition of conflict, conflict management, and conflict resolution (Alice, 2003). Many topics on conflict were available including the causes of conflict, types of conflict, and conflict examples. Searching conflict management gives an interesting result about conflict management skills. When I searched on the topic conflict management, a lot of articles came up. This shows the huge amount of literature available on the topic (Gleditsch, 2002). There are book in electronic form and also in print form which are available, on conflict management and resolution. The literature available is sufficient to complete my project. Recognizing that the initial questions one typically presents on a given topic are not (yet) crafted to the level of specificity required for a research question—and these initial questions really just serve to get you into a particularly body of literature, what makes a good inquiry question? In coming up with an inquiry question, one should consider a question which is interesting to the inquirer. The inquiry question should be an open research question. The question should give room for a number of

Report of Risk Management (Case Study) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Report of Risk Management (Case Study) - Essay Example The analysis against the metric levels needs to be quantitative based on past experiences (data available), industry experiences (case studies), advice from consultants and internal brainstorming. Every level needs proper justification to a deep level such that serious risks do not remain un-noticed and also meager risks do not get projected to the management as serious simply because they are more talked about in the organization. Risk Management is a very expensive affair for an organization. Hence, special care should be taken that investments should be planned after a thorough analysis of the assets, threats, impacts, and vulnerabilities before a risk tag is assigned. Many organizations get trapped in the sales skills of security product marketing people & Insurance agents such that they end up spending a lot of money in the wrong direction whereby the core issues remain untouched. Such problems arise due to lack of a systematic and effective Risk Management System. In this paper a systematic Risk Management procedure is being presented in detail and applied to the case study. The workflow of risk management has been arrived at after a study of multiple risk management approaches viz., safety & health risk management, asset risk management and information risk management (OHSAS 18001, ISO 27005, safety engineering and National Institute of Standards and Technology). In this approach, the asset values have been calculated based on Cost (C), Integrity (I) and Availability (A). The parameter â€Å"confidentiality† in NIST recommendation has been replaced by Cost because most of the assets (except computers) listed in the case study are physical & environment related assets and moreover cost-effectiveness of the Risk Management is expected as a key result area herewith in this case study. The role carrying out such a major assessment for the company and having a budgetary estimate of $700,000 is actually a junior resource. Hence, every proposal presented for the

Contemporary Issues In Nursing Leadership In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay

Contemporary Issues In Nursing Leadership In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay Leadership plays an important role in nursing. This essay will define leadership and how leadership qualities relate to nursing practice in order to help nurse leaders to work effectively with in nursing environment. Furthermore, the will discuss how the key characteristics influence followers to work commonly in a group for a specific goal. Moreover, these qualities help them to Leadership is defined as personal skills which can be helpful to influence other people to the leadership benefits. It can effectively take the people in the same direction, sharing the same goals. (Lansdale, 2003). In this way, the important task of a leader is to make an action plan and encourage the team members to achieve the negotiated goals. Leadership is a major concern to the health care system. Its style is based on personal, professional and organisational value system because leaders provide shape to clinical practice with their qualities. Using their own skills leaders can easily address the needs of patients and colleagues. Leadership reflects the values of people, organizations and societies in which the leaders are working. In order to work effectively and to avoid the risk of conflict, the leaders always need to become acquainted with the values and beliefs of the individuals and organisation with whom they are working. (Stanley, 2008). Moreover, a leader uses interpersonal skills and specific behaviour for the purpose of effectiveness within profession. Because of this, the quality of leaders has a crucial role in influencing others. These qualities give them authority to work and develop their strategies effectively. (Daly, Speedy, Jackson, 2010). There are ten essential qualities which influence the work of a leader in a professional environment. First of all, a leader must have integrity which means leader should be honest and trustworthy. As, these key values are necessary to promoting a positive attitude and better performance in staff and colleagues. All staff expects these mandatory requirements from a leader. Besides this, courage to take a leadership risk is crucial to attain excellence. It is the ability to confront risk without fear which is sometimes necessary to get success. A leader may have good ideas and strategies in mind but they can not be effective without any action. This is called initiating w hich is the first step that needs to be taken in order to get the things done successfully. As it is hard task to do, wise use of energy and effort and an optimistic attitude are needed to give role satisfaction in leadership. Along with this, it is very common that rapid success of other colleagues discourage someone easily but positive thinking helps to keep up leaders and their co workers to resolve difficulties. This also ledà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s to remotivation in staff members. Effective leaders never quit easily, instead, they continuously use their efforts for work. (Tappen, Weiss Whitehead, 2004). Balance is another characteristic of leaders. It is essential to make an equal balance between personal and professional life. Paying attention towards the working environment needs to be balanced with attention shown to family and friends, because social activities are as important as professional. The most effective leaders easily balance between work and leisure time. Regardless, there are some stresses in almost every job which puts on work pressure and causes stressful life. In such conditions, leaders should think positively to address the issues and they should act as a role model for others in order to bring about possible solution. (Tappen, Weiss Whitehead, 2004) Self awareness is a most valuable key quality that is essential to motivate other people, because people who can not understand themselves they can not change others. In addition of these, according to International Council of Nursing (Sally, 2007) there are some more key elements that could be helpful for leaders. They should have a vision which could be a dream and it helps them to think strategically and differently from the daily schedule. Along with this, awareness about external environment is also crucial because it might affect the organization, its strategies and future planning. Having, confidence about the work one is doing also count a lot, because it helps to influence others. Knowledge related to political skills is another key value for leaders as it teaches them how to cope with conflicts and how to understand goals, values, expectations and behaviour of others. It is also significant to review all strategies to make any change according to the demand of time. Thereaf ter team work, partnership alliances and effective communication teach them how to work with others to achieve common goals and how it helps them to share new ideas and information with others. (Sally, 2007) All these characteristics of leaders play a vital role in nursing practice. They influence and shape the clinical practice. During clinical practice, leaders confront many challenges. To figure them out successfully, they implement strategies which lead out as the result of critical thinking discussion to improve patient care and outcomes. (Daly et al 2006). Nursing leader always faced challenge to think creatively about the development of critical thinking. This has a powerful impact on the problem solving and decision making. Working as a leader always requires continuous development of skills and regular improvement in them. In nursing, nursesà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ leaders confront many different team workers. To work efficiently nurse leaders must create an environment of trust among their followers. This leads to the involvement of co workers in planning and decision making on issues that will affect them directly or indirectly. Sometimes to get success, leaders have to take risk without any fear. Courage helps them to make some crucial decision strongly, which may be stressful and have to be made while under pressure. It also enables them to have confidence about making judgements. According to Kanter in ICN Nursing Leadership (Sally, 2007) it is the expectation of success which provides a link in between someoneà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s ideas and performance. Leaders should have knowledge about interpersonal skills. This means they can motivate or generate others toward shared goals with positive attitudes. To achieve this, nurse leader take initiative steps. Nurse leaders encourage team to work effectively with a range of different people at different levels so that they can feel supported. This will result improvement in health care settings. Along with this, nurse leaders develop new roles and skills regarding any changes and challenges in health organization because all these will result in quality care, efficiency and improvement in equity of access, especially for needy populations. Because nursing provides essential health care services, leaders should alert staff about any changes in policy. A key quality of leader is to transmit their passion about the future to others. A vision for nursing means what would be the ideas of the leader for organization to happen within a specific period of time. Then to get there, all major programmes, projects and activities are planned strategically to turn toward the same vision. The external environment might affect it. For this purpose external awareness related to health trends, issues, new policies and other factors is necessary. SWOT (strength, weaknesses,) and environment scanning helps them to review the whole situation and creates more opportunities. Regardless, political skill is needed to understand, from all stakeholders and to cope with conflicting situations, values, fears and behaviour of different people. It also means being able to plan creative, proactive and appropriate strategies for various situations. Effective communication means one can easily understand someoneà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s language. It is crucial for work safely and to give commands to followers. (Sally, 2007)

Thailand Essay -- Information History Culture Customs Papers

Thailand The topic that I will be discussing is Thai culture. In this, it will include areas that influence this culture. First, I will give you the geographical information of the country of Thailand. The second area that I will look at will be language. Language is an extremely important part of culture and some say that one cannot be found without the other. After that I will inform you about customs, traditions and taboos in Thai culture. This is a very important part of culture and is what shows the differences between cultures. Then I briefly tell you about the government and some national symbols, such as the flag, the symbol, colors, anthem, dress, and national day. Next, I will explain about religion in Thailand. In most cultures there is religion, but in Thailand it is interwoven into its whole culture and it is hard to separate the two. One other thing that I will include in this paper is a link to a page with pictures from my trip to Thailand. National Standards for Geography I believe that I applied six out of the eighteen National Standards to this paper. The first two standards were under a section called "Seeking the World in Spatial Terms." When you look under this, the first I used was "knows and understands how to use maps, globes and other graphical tools to acquire, process and report information." The second standard was "Uses mental maps to give spatial perspective to the world." Then the second section is called "Places and Region." Under this section it says "Knows and understands the physical and human characteristics of places." The next section is called "physical systems" and I used only one standard in this one. This standard says that one "Knows and understands that physical pro... ...c.th/thai/thai.html (9 Apr 1999) 5. Ronnakiat, Nantana. "The Thai Writing System." Apr 5, 1997 http://thaiarc.tu.ac.th/thaiwrt.html (9 Apr 1999) 6. National Identity Office Under the Prime Minister, Royal Thai Government. "Thailand at a Glance." 28 February 1997 http://www.mahidol.ac.th/thailand/glance-thai/thailand.html (11 Apr 1999) 7. Tourism Authority of Thailand. "Environment" Welcome to the Land of Smiles. 1997. http://www.tat.or.th/about/index.html (9 Apr 1999) 8. Tourism Authority of Thailand. "Religion." Welcome to the Land of Smiles. 1997. http://www.tat.or.th/about/religion.html (9 Apr 1999) 9. Vongvipanond, Peansiri. "Linguistic Perspectives of Thai Culture." Thai Culture in Language. 11/11/98 http://thaiarc.tu.ac.th/thai/peasiri.thml (9 Apr 1999) to Lesson Plans and Research Papers 1999

Social Marketing Combating Childhood Obesity Health And Social Care Essay

Fleshiness is a status where there is extra accretion of cholesterin bed in the adipose tissue of tegument taking to overweight which becomes a wellness hazard ( Basdevant, Arnaud, 2008 ) . The addition in the fat accretion may do chronic wellness jobs in long term which becomes a major wellness concern ( Basdevant, Arnaud, 2008 ) . The people with weight more than 85 per centum of Body mass index are considered as corpulence and the people with the organic structure mass index more than 95 per centum are considered as corpulent ( Dehghan, Danesh and Merchant, 2005 ) .Adverse effects associated with fleshiness:Fleshiness may do multiple jobs including physical, physiological and psychological jobs ( Davis et al, 2007 ) . Fleshiness is one of the major grounds for assorted chronic diseases like, diabetes, Hypertension, osteoorthritis and those related to bosom liver, gall bladder, birthrate and gestation ( WHO, 2011 ) , in add-on to physical uncomfortableness it besides causes psychol ogical hurt and decreased ego assurance in the societal life due to hapless organic structure image and visual aspect ( Wardle, 2005 ) .Factors doing the job:The present life manner is wholly filled with mental emphasis as people are busy with their everyday activities and have no clip to pass for healthy activities like exercising and holding a healthy diet ( Basdevant, 2008 ) . These factors may take to fast nutrient civilization and sedentary life manner which that are doing fleshiness ( Gonz & A ; aacute ; lez, 1999 ) . The accustomed activities like passing more clip on picture games and watching telecasting may impact physical activity and lead to sedentary life manner that increases the opportunities of going corpulent ( Dehghan, Danesh and Merchant, 2005 ) . The nutrient behaviors are considered as another of import factor for fleshiness. Devouring fast nutrients with high fat content and taking surplus of measure nutrient as a wont lead to fleshiness ( Davis et al, 2007 ) . The instability between the Calories consumed and the sum of energy spent is an of import factor that causes accretion of fat in the organic structure doing fleshiness ( WHO, 2011 ) . The personal behaviors like smoke and intoxicant ingestion are besides considered as the causes of fleshiness ( Evans et al, 2010 ) .Social sellingDue to the addition in the load of the diseases all over the universe, demand to advance wellness has increased, therefore public wellness field adapted some selling schemes to acquire societal benefits which is called as societal selling ( Grier and Bryant, 2010 ) . Harmonizing to Andresen, ( 1995 ) societal selling is defined as ‘the application of commercial selling engineerings to the analysis, planning, executing, and rating of pla ns designed to act upon the voluntary behavior of mark audiences in order to better their personal public assistance and that of society ‘ . In public wellness publicity societal selling is used to promote the behavioral alterations by multi degree attacks through assorted intercessions in community and by making a positive environmental alteration around the audience by presenting the message to public ( Evans et al, 2010 ) .Principles of societal Marketing schemes:The selling schemes should be developed in a insouciant manner that focuses on the normal state of affairss in the society ; these intercessions should be developed by taking in to consideration of the capablenesss of persons ( Donaldson, 2008 ) . Making proper consciousness, supplying with the proper cognition on the issue and making the environment that encourages the coveted behavioral alteration may give satisfactory results than concentrating on the peculiar or individual intercession ( Swinburn, Gill and Kuma nyika, 2005 ) .Social selling scheme for battling fleshiness:Badness of the job:Fleshiness is considered as one of the major public wellness issues which is acquiring worse twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours. Harmonizing to NHS ( 2011 ) In United Kingdom the figure of prescriptions dispensed for the intervention of fleshiness in 2009 was 1.45 million which is more than eleven times the figure in 1999. The figure of fleshiness related instances recorded in the infirmaries related to fleshiness increased by 30 per centum compared to old old ages, in 2011 ( NHS, 2011 ) . The fleshiness has become a major public wellness and economic job globally and is considered as a major issue in many states with the chief focal point on the childhood fleshiness in peculiarly ( Dehghan, Danesh and Merchant, 2005 ) . It is of import to make consciousness among the people to get the better of the persisting job of fleshiness by the alteration of life style and adaptation of healthy behaviors which can be achieved through societal selling intercessions.High hazard persons:The kids who do non take part in out-of-door activities like out-of-door games, cycling etc, the kids who spend more clip before screen and kids with hapless dietetic wonts are high hazard persons who are prone fleshiness. The kids coming from households with hapless economical position are besides affected more with fleshiness jobs because the prevalence of corpulence is extremely dependent on societal and economical position ( Basdevant, 2008 ) .How to accomplish:By developing a community that is cognizant of the jobs associated with fleshiness by promoting kids and teens to affect more physical activity and to alter in the behavior ( Wadden, Brownell and Foster, 2002 ) . Schools play a critical function in forestalling the childhood fleshiness by developing assorted intercessions to promote healthy diet and physical activity ( Evans et al, 2010 ) . Making consciousness among all the household members migh t convey effectual alteration in behavior of kids because there is some grounds that parents with fleshiness job are more likely to hold corpulent kids due to nutrient behaviors, life style and some familial factors ( Kafia Ayadi, Brian Young, 2006 ) .Educating parents by explicating the hazard factors associated with fleshiness and reding to promote kids to affect in activities like out-of-door games and physical work ( Davis, 2007 ) . Reding the parents to regularly supervise the weight of their kids in order to forestall fleshiness is of import. Evans et Al ( 2010 ) states that driving parents to educate their kids about the measures caloric values of nutrient and to make user friendly environment that encourages physical activity might convey satisfactory alteration in behavior. Koplan, Liverman and Kraak ( 2005 ) suggest that making a healthy market topographic point and healthy media ; play a of import function in altering nutrient behaviors. For illustration, the local eating houses and the local shops might be targeted for proviso of selective low fat and rich alimentary diet to kids.Expected Behavioral alteration:The voluntary behavioral alteration is an of import result expected from societal selling ( Grier and Bryant, 2005 ) . Lifestyle alterations like increased physical activity by discontinuing the sedentary life manner and taking healthy diet like fruits and veggies alternatively of high Calorie nutrients is are major behavioral alterations expected in this program.Outcome expected:The result expected is the alteration of current behaviors which are considered as hazard factors for the present job that is fleshiness, by larning the needed behaviors to command fleshiness, to accomplish good physical and mental wellness. Controling fleshiness through weight loss is the primary end and bar of the job of weight regain in the hereafter is the result expected from the mark audience ( Dehghan, Danesh and Merchant, 2005 ) .Cleavage of audience:Anderson , ( 2005 ) suggests that it is about impossible to advert each and every person in the society because every attack does non suit for all persons. Grier and Bryant ( 2005 ) claim that the mark end is non suited for all because it depends on the assorted factors like personal behaviors, past experiences, single attitudes and demographic variables like age and ethnicity that have impact on the people. So, sectioning the audience is really of import for an effectual societal selling. The cleavage is helpful in making the mark group and concentrating the people with high hazard to act upon behavioral alterations ( Grier and Bryant, 2005 ) .Target audience:The kids of both genders between the age of five and 15 with hapless economical background are selected and targeted for behavioral alterations through societal selling because there is a relationship between economic position and fleshiness ( Youfa wang, 2001 ) . The adolescent age people are besides targeted to efficaciously alter their behaviors like fast nutrient civilization, smoke, imbibing, and inactive showing and to promote them to take part in out-of-door games which involve physical activity.Why to concentrate on a peculiar group:The adolescents and kids are focused and targeted because childhood and adolescent age are two stages of a human life either to geting good wellness wonts or to develop hazard behaviors like alcohol addiction and smoke ( Pyle et al, 2006 ) . If healthy behaviors are initiated in the teens the fleshiness and the jobs associated with it might be controlled in the hereafter ( Dehghan, Danesh and Merchant, 2005 ) .Target country:The focal point shall be on a geographical country demoing high incidence of fleshiness job and hapless wellness behaviors with particular concentration on Population with hapless socio economic background and hapless wellness attention installations, underscoring the relationship betwe en hapless economic position and wellness behaviors ( Youfa wang, 2001 ) .Consumer barriers:Wayss to understand consumer barriers:The best manner in turn toing the societal selling barriers of people of a peculiar country is, affecting the local wellness militants and administrations as spouses in wellness publicity ( siegel and doner, 2004 ) . Taking some research through qualitative methods like questioning local people and their household members helps to hold an penetration of their behaviors ( Henley and raffin, 2010 ) . Effective communicating which plays a cardinal function in wellness publicity research shall be a good scheme to affect local leaders and individuals inclined to publicity of wellness in their country because communicating plays a cardinal function in wellness publicity research ( Hastings and Haywood, 1991 ) . For illustration parents and household members can efficaciously pass on with kids, have an penetration and can actuate them to alter the behavior ( Eva ns et al, 2010 ) .Target behavioral ends:The set of behavioral ends are planned by utilizing ‘SMART ‘ program which includes ‘Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant and Time-bound, to acquire the best result ( Clerck, 2010 ) . The major end is diminishing the extra weight by altering the current behavior by a set of behavioral alterations. The behavioral alterations include 1 ) Increased physical activity by bring oning self involvement 2 ) Monitoring the nutrient wonts and Calories 3 ) Regular showing of the organic structure mass index. The ends should be planned in an easy come-at-able mode so that the kid can achieve self efficaciousness on the alteration ( Davis et al, 2007 ) . Davis et Al ( 2007 ) besides suggests that parents should develop a uninterrupted communicating on the expected behavioral alterations and a clip end is arranged for all the set of activities.Aims:To better the physical activity of the kids by promoting out-of-door activities like g ames, cycling etc, through support from household, community and assorted school intercessions. To better the dietetic wonts like eating more fruits and veggies and discontinuing the nutrient with high fat content or calorific value like fast nutrients.Schemes to implement the ends:The selling might be made harmonizing to the kids and teens psychological science. for illustration if the kids are passing their maximal clip in forepart of the screen, they shall be encouraged to see programmes related to wellness instruction, athleticss and fittingness which have a positive consequence on their behaviors ( Evanss et al, 2010 ) . Hanley and Raffin ( 2010 ) suggest that Schemes for kids below the age of 10 should be planned in a playful mode by doing utilizing more colorss, lifes and pictural presentation, so that they indulge in the activities. For adolescents scheme shall be competitory type. A multi degree programme is designed to derive the policy support, to acquire support from local societal groups and cognition interlingual renditions are critical to supervise the wellness direction systems ( WHO, 2010 ) . Schools play an of import function in actuating kids to alter their behaviors. The fleshiness intercessions used in schools should concentrate more on achieving healthy weight instead than diminishing present weight ( Pyle, 2006 ) . The authorities policy support is really of import to implement wellness schemes and achieve selling ends. Regulating advertizement of unhealthy nutrient and drinks may assist in bettering healthy nutrient wonts among kids ( Wadden, Brownell and Foster, 2002 ) . In add-on Dehghan, Danesh and Merchant, ( 2005 ) advice that cut downing revenue enhancements on low Calories nutrient may convey alteration in nutrient choosing behavior because monetary values of nutrient have a great influence on the populace. Wadden, Brownell and Foster ( 2002 ) suggest that supplying more resources for supplying drama land bettering pavements etc may promote adolescent age people for physical activity. The selling programme should be implemented in multilevel which reference, authorities policies, community degree programmes, school degree, household degree and personal degree ( Evans et al, 2010 ) .Marketing Mix:The Marketing mix is the considered as the best manner to implement the ends in the society and it is proved to be effectual in making the populace ( Grier and Bryant, 2005 ) . Marketing mix includes ‘four P ‘s ‘ they are, ‘Product, Price, Place and publicity ‘ ( Rayner, 2007 ) . Merchandise: Merchandise is an advice or solution given to the consumer which gives personal benefit for himself ( Grier and Bryant, 2005 ) . In the present societal selling program merchandise is the services provided to alter the current behavior. The merchandise is, accommodating patterns of physical activity by passing some clip to regular exercising and healthy nutrition degrees by avoiding fatty nutrients and adding fruits and veggies to regular dietetic bill of fare. Monetary value: In selling monetary value is the cost spent by client whereas in societal selling monetary value of the present mark audience is the clip spent for behavioral alterations. Here monetary value agencies passing around an hr a twenty-four hours for exercising, physical attempt, and psychological uncomfortableness for altering behaviors ( Grier and Bryant, 2005 ) . Topographic point: The topographic point where the kids and teens spend more clip like schools, establishments and in communities they live are chosen in this selling program. Promotion: Promotion of healthier picks is really of import. Healthy behaviors are promoted utilizing assorted intercessions including media runs, booklets demoing images and marks, events with function theoretical accounts and other schemes ( Hastings and Haywood, 1991 ) .Exchange theory in societal selling:Exchange theory is adopted from the commercial selling where the consumer gives money in exchange of the coveted merchandise ( Rothschild, 1999 ) . In societal selling the consumer is giving up the present behaviors voluntarily by passing his valuable clip, some costs for diet alterations and other behaviors. In return the consumer may anticipate better and healthy life which is of existent value for him ( Antonoidis et al, 2003 ) . In the present theoretical account the consumer is discontinuing sedentary behaviors and hazardous nutrient behaviors and in bend anticipating good wellness and positive alteration in his personal and societal life.Development:The jobs within the peop le include the cultural, societal, personal and environmental factors that show impact on their behaviors ( Koplan, Liverman and Kraak, 2005 ) . Koplan, Liverman and Kraak, ( 2005 ) suggests there should be a good grounds of the effectivity of the intercessions. Extensive research utilizing both qualitative and quantitative may assist in cognizing the wide scope of factors associated with the present hazard factor in accomplishing good consequences. The jobs within the administration include the deficiency of clip, deficiency of resources, working staff and deficiency of support from the direction or wellness attention workers. In add-on the Action program: or ( rating ) Strengths:Failing:Decision:In the current state of affairs where fleshiness is presenting a major menace to the society, societal selling has to play an of import function in conveying about major alteration in single wonts. In add-on to this societal selling has to pave way to reforms by the authoritiess to command the unhealthy and hazardous behavior in the society. On the whole societal selling intercessions on childhood fleshiness may give positive consequences in constructing up healthy society. Social selling on childhood fleshiness should be taken up globally taking in to consideration of the geographical, environmental and local societal factors.

International Business on Heineken Essay

Identify 2 strategic objectives that your firm had for entering a specific foreign country. In 2010 entered the Latin American market by acquiring the beer businesses of FEMSA in Mexico and Brazil. The FEMSA, Fomento Economico Mexicano is the largest Mexican and Latin American beverage company.1 Reasons for entering this continent is to achieve their goals, also mentioned as objectives in Heineken’s annual report. Two of these goals include Grow the Heineken brand and Capture the opportunities in emerging markets. Entering the Latin American market, would enlarge the brand awareness of Heineken. By aiming on expanding the brand name,The brand performance in 2012 was strong both in developed and emerging markets. It was particularly noticeable in Brazil, Russia, India, China and Nigeria where Heineken enjoyed double digit growth. This development was largely due to a global approach to brand management and to effective marketing. 2 Furthermore Heineken aims on capturing opportu nities in emerging market, especially focussing on Mexico. Heineken has transformed its emerging market presence in recent years through a clear acquisition strategy, strong organic growth and joint venture partnerships. The beer volume increased from †¦ in 2007 to†¦. In 2012. In mexico they continue to implement their value growth strategy following the acquisition in 2010. Focused brand investment behind new marketing campaigns and upgraded packaging have supported growth of Carta Blanca, Tecate, Dos Equis, So and India brands. In addition, increased outlet distribution and targeted activation programmes resulted in the Heineken brand volume more than doubling in 2012. 5b) Which foreign entry modes has your firm used in the last 6 to 8 years, and which mode was used for which country? Please also explain for one of the entry modes used whether you think that mode was the best one or whether another entry mode should have been used instead. Substantiate our answer with at least two arguments. Heineken operates in more than 71 countries.3 The most common used entry modes are joint ventures and acquisitions. If acquisition in a foreign company is not possible due to government restrictions, Heineken decides to operate as joint ventures. Heineken aims on dominating the market and gaining the largest market share for beer. For this goal, the company tries to enter foreign markets by using Greenfield acquisitions and  have full control over their operations without having to add new capacity to the industry. This entry mode has also a faster entry speed and is used for emerging markets, where the competition and growth of the market is high. In this case, acquisitions are operated in the emerging markets. For example, the acquisition of the brand Tiger between Heineken and APB and APIPL enabled the brand to lift with the growth of Heineken. and established local premium brands including Biere Larue in Vietnam, Bintang in  Indonesia, SP in Papua New Guinea and Tui in New Zealand.4 As for companies that do already have a dominant market share in a country and do not need to upgrade to fit the global operations, Heineken decide to go for joint ventures, where the two companies work together, and limit the financial risk of investment by working together with local firms. Also Heineken enjoys knowledge of the local market. Full acquisitions have a high degree of equity control. Also the resource growth is external. Full acquisitions are chosen if it is important to enter the market quickly, if the it is a fast growing market, emerging markets? Also acquisitions are chosen if there are already companies existing of the same product. Certain costs will be avoided by doing so. As for joint ventures, the degree of equity control is low and has an internal resource growth. 5c) which of the four multinational strategies described in chapter 15 of the textbook most closely resembles your firm;s multinational strategy? Please explain your answer. 4 A) Consider the case of the focal company deciding to set up a new production facility in an emerging market of your choice. Why is this an appealing emerging market? The African market for Heineken is an appealing emerging market to expand in. This is due to a number of reasons: Population growth on the African continent is expected to grow from 1 billion as of today to 1.2 billion in 2020 and the African population is still relatively young in comparison to other established markets such as Europe and North America. Besides this, the middle class in the African content is growing steadily, consumers are  becoming more band-conscious and GDP per capita has been positively growing since the last decades due to the improving political and economical environment. Heineken is thus, presented with a number of advantages, in which the long term clearly outweighs the threats in establishing itself firmer in this emerging market. What are the threats that Heineken faces in penetrating the African continent as an emerging market more firmly? An issue that has encircled Africa throughout its history is the problem of corruption and bureaucracy. However, due to globalization and the increased interconnectivity around the globe this ethical issue has become a more prevalent topic amongst societies to be discussed and the same goes for the African countries. Although the issue still exists MNO’s argue that there’s a slow but gradual decrease in the severity of it in the African countries in which the improved political and economical environment is a positive contributor. Another threat that Heineken faces in the African emerging markets is the lack of good infrastructure and power supplies. On top of this poor education, health care, life expectancy and poverty are some of the other threats that can have an effect on the MNO. 4 B) How should your firm address the opportunities and threats of this emerging market? Some of the strategies Heineken as the multinational organization can undertake is by introducing unreleased brands into the continent. Some examples: are the introduction of the alcoholic apple cider beverage ‘Strong Bow’ in South-Africa, non-alcoholic beverages such as ‘Amstel ZERO’ alcohol that taste like alcoholic beer and a large variety of other alcoholic beverages which all fall under the global Heineken brand of beers. Besides that, Heineken can introduce TCM due to operational excellence, acquired throughout the years, and it can implement innovative and at the same time environmentally friendly PET bottles which they have recently introduced into the Democratic republic of Congo as example to underline their technological innovations. As consumption per capita is growing in the African countries, whilst excluding the steady population growth amongst the  African countries, an increase in demand for premium beer brands is emerging such as the ‘Heineken’ and ‘Amstel’ beers in the African continent in which the MNO Heineken is expected to face tremendous growth opportunities in the following decades. These strategies have been introduced into the European continent and have proven to be very successful, with Africa as an emerging market Heineken can introduce the successfully proven strategies, which the company has used throughout the years to solidify its market position even further. Heineken has a long history of in house training- and development. It has already established regional training schools in Nigeria and the DRC wherein they have established strong management development programs to attract and retain local talents. This is a way for the company to combat the threat of poor education. Heineken tries to better the life of its employees working for the company and as well the lives of people in the region: Heineken has established a healthcare program for all 30,000 of its employees where the government often lacks to adequately provide this. It has set up HIV programs in sub-Saharan breweries to educate its personnel and besides that founded African foundation programs such as Health clinics and malaria projects to better the lives of the people in its direct surrounding. 5 A) Identify two strategic objectives (i.e., reasons) that your firm had for entering a specific foreign country. Please explain your answers. Heineken has recently decided in 2013 that it will be planning on building a 60 million Euros Brewery in Burma (Myanmar). The Heineken group has decided to do so after it has seen positive progress in terms of political and social reforms in Burma. On the 22nd of April this year all sanctions against Burma were lifted by the EU council and on top of this other large MNE such as Coca Cola, Pepsi and Carlsberg have recently decided to move into the country as well. Another reason for entering the Burmese market is that beer consumption in Burma is still at a relatively low level: 3 litres a year per capita whereas its neighbour Vietnam is at a staggering 30 litres+ a year per capita. This gives out a signal that there are a lot of potential profits still to be made especially now that political and social  reforms are taking place. By investing with a 60 million Euros brewery, Heineken plans on solidifying it’s market position even further across the globe. 5 B) Which foreign entry modes has your firm used in the last 6 to 8 years, and which mode was used for which country? Heineken operates in over 71 countries.6 The most common used entry modes that the firm uses consist out of joint ventures and acquisitions. In case acquisition of a foreign company is not a possibility due to government restrictions, Heineken will decide to try and operate as a joint venture. Heineken aims on dominating the global market and is constantly seeking to acquire a larger market share for beer. For this goal, the company tries to enter foreign markets by using Greenfield acquisitions so that they have full control over their operations without having to add new capacity to the industry. This entry mode on top of not adding unnecessary extra capacity to the industry as well comes with a faster entry speed and is most commonly used for emerging markets, where competition and growth in the markets is high. In this case, acquisitions are operated in emerging markets such as Asia and Africa. For example, the acquisition of the beer brand Tiger between Heineken and APB and APIP L enabled the brand to lift with the growth of Heineken. Established local premium brands including Biere Larue in Vietnam, Bintang in Indonesia, SP in Papua New Guinea and Tui in New Zealand share similar stories.7 As for companies that have already acquired a dominant market share in their home country, Heineken opts for joint ventures if they are unwilling to sell, where the two companies then work together instead, and thus limit the financial risk of investment by working together with local firms. 5 C) which of the four multinational strategies described in chapter 15 of the textbook most closely resembles your firm’s multinational strategy? From the four multinational strategies described in International Business book Heineken organizational structure most closely resembles a transnational strategy. This is because Heineken, being the third largest  beer brewer in the world, has practically managed to penetrate itself in all markets in which it sells over 200 international premium, regional, local and specialty beers and cider. This vast variety of different brands has made the Heineken group highly responsive to consumers in which all their needs can be satisfied due to such a broad assortment. Due to Heineken’s high aggregation of benefits such as economies of scale and operational excellence the MNE captures the best of two worlds by being cost efficient and locally responsive, depicting the structure of a transnational strategy. 6 A) Identify two ethical dilemmas that the focal firm faces in a host country of your choice. Why are these issues ‘dilemmas’ and how has your firm dealt with them? An environmental issue that brewers cope with is the negative media of the use of alcohol. Consuming excessive alcohol has many negative health and behavioral risks. For this reason, many governmental laws and regulations charges alcoholic beverages. As a social issue for the company, more than 800,000 car accidents in Mexico occur due to the use of alcohol. Even though these issues impact the social side of sustainability, the health and well being of people. This is an issue to the firm, because they are accused as contributors of the harms as consequences of alcohol causing the firm to suffer from brand damage. Heineken must defend its image as a brewery, especially since the firm is leader of the industry. To avoid shifting the blame on breweries, due to the fact that they have no influence on controlling consumers‘ behavior, they aim on increasing awareness of the consequences of excessive consumption of alcohol. Heineken supports the idea of no physically or behavioral ha rm when moderately consuming alcohol. Heineken aims on contributing to the positive role of beer in society by encouraging responsible attitudes towards alcohol and discouraging the misuse of alcohol. The most important stakeholders in these social dilemmas are the consumers. 6b) Drawing on stakeholder theory, argue to what extent the focal firm should develop a globally standardized strategy to cope with the selected dilemma. The excessive use of alcohol occurs is a global issue. The use of alcohol  and driving does not only occur in Mexico, but causes many accidents and fatalities all over the world. Thus the issues discussed are of global relevance. The harm that this issue emphasizes applies to the users of alcohol and their environment. That is why Heineken launched an Enjoy Heineken Responsibly (EHR) Campaign in 2004, which is globally used. Measures that the firm has been taken include putting this message on all of their cans, bottles and packages. Also, in commercials and on their website they quote: ‘Great opportunities belong to moderate drinkers’ to encourage moderately drinking. Furthermore, they advertising boarding on all major sponsorships or sports. Furthermore, the company also tailored its strategy locally in Mexico, where they launched a Designated Driver Program to encourage attendees of to become or choose a designated driver for different occasions. The program is presented in 92 universities across the country and other youth organizations and events. By doing so, Heineken hopes to decrease the probability of accidents caused due to alcohol. To conclude, Heineken already has a global strategy and a local strategy to cope with the issues. The social issue in Mexico is actually a global issue, since it occurs in many other countries. The reason why Heineken focuses on Mexico is due to the explosive high rates of alcohol fatality in traffic in this country. We support the idea to expand the measurements taken for Mexico to other countries with high fatality rates, for instance in the United States where 31 percent of all accidents include fatality du e to alcohol use in traffic in 2009.8 6c) How do the actual solutions to the focal dilemmas relate to the solutions practiced by Unilever and which approach is better? Sustainability living is the core of Unilever’s operations. It aims on doubling the size of their business and simultaneously reducing their environmental footprint and increasing the positive social impact. As for reducing its impact on the environment through its supply chain, it aims to maximize their Reduce, Recycle and Replace journey. Concluded from their research, 68 percent of their total GHG footprint is founded by the consumer self. 26% of the footprint is due to the raw materials. To solve this, the company came up with improving eco-efficient production and improving the agriculture practices. The related dilemmas that occur between Heineken and Unilever is  to influence consumers behavior. Both companies cope with the fact that they cannot control the consumer use. Furthermore both companies try to communicate their issues through brand name. Unilever copes with this issue by adapting the sustainability plan. As for Heineken, they launched the Enjoy Heineken Responsibly campaign, as mentioned before. What differs is that Unilever focuses on sustainability across the value chain, while Heineken emphasizes the consumer use. From one point of view, the approach of Unilever is preferred over Heineken’s approach, because it tackles the entire value chain. Also, it works on the long-term solution. From another point of view it is clarified that Heineken works on valuing life on a social and physical level, by reducing the possibility of harming social and health. However this does not add value to future generations, thus we believe that Unilever has a better approach to tackle its issues. http://www.heinekeninternational.com/products_brands_brands.aspx http://www.centurycouncil.org/sites/default/files/materials/SODDFIA.pdf http://www.sustainabilityreport.heineken.com/impact/responsible-consumption/encouraging-responsible-consumption-through-our-brands.html http://www.heinekeninternational.com/companystrategyprofile.aspx file://localhost/Users/raymondjansen/Documents/IB/annual%20report%20heineken%202012.pdf book, 373